Commission on Intellectual Property Rights CONFERENCE "HOW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS COULD WORK BETTER FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND POOR PEOPLE" PROGRAMME 21st – 22nd FEBRUARY 2002 THE ROYAL SOCIETY 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG CONFERENCE NOTES Location The address of the Royal Society is: 6 - 9 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5AG The Royal Society is located in Carlton House Terrace, just off Waterloo Place, between Pall Mall and The Mall. It is less than five minutes walk from Piccadilly Circus underground station and ten minutes from Charing Cross mainline and underground stations, or 20 minutes through St James's Park from Victoria. Trafalgar Square and all bus services through it are also very close. You can access a map at the following URL: http://www.streetmap.co.uk/streetmap.dll?grid2map?x=529750&y=180250&zoom=1 &isp=187&ism=500&arrow=y?81,93 From Piccadilly Circus underground station, walk southwards down (lower) Regent Street, cross Pall Mall into and through Waterloo Place and the Royal Society is on your right in Carlton House Terrace. Registration On Day 1 (Thursday 21st), participants will need to collect their name badges at the registration desk which will be open from 8.00am. Participants should enter through 7 Carlton House Terrace and turn right into the registration area. The Conference will be in the Wellcome Trust Lecture Hall on the Ground Floor. Proceedings will start promptly at 9.00AM so please make sure that you register in good time to be seated by then. Contact Participants may be contacted on the following mobile, which will be with the Secretariat: 07810 503996 or from outside the UK +44 7810 503996 There will be no-one to take calls in the Commission's office itself. Refreshments/Lunch Refreshments and lunch will be served in the Dining Room on the Lower Ground Floor. Refreshments will be available from 8.15AM on Day 1 (8.30AM on Day 2) and at the intervals in mid-morning and mid-afternoon. A buffet (hot and cold) lunch will be served in the Dining Room on each day. Facilities Cloakrooms and toilets for men are on the Lower Ground floor. The ladies' Cloakroom is halfway down the stairs. Documentation Subject to completion on time, executive summaries of the studies commissioned for the Commission, and reports of the expert workshops held by the Commission will be available in hard copy. These will be available before the beginning of each session on the table outside the Lecture Hall. Complete copies of the Commission's reports are being deposited on our website, and should all be up by the time of the Conference. The address is: http://www.iprcommission.org/meetings.asp There is also be a participants' and presenters' list. Participation As noted in the Programme (attached), the purpose of the Conference is to solicit views from participants and to stimulate constructive and lively debate. Presenters have been asked to limit their contributions to ten minutes in most cases to leave plenty of time for open debate. If you particularly want to speak in a given session, please put your name and organisation on the sheet provided and hand it to the Secretariat. This list will be used by the Chair of each session as an aid to managing the debate. Your presence on the list does not guarantee being called. The Chair may also wish to involve someone not on the list. There will be roving microphones for speakers. ? Contributions from the floor will be limited to a maximum of three minutes, and will preferably be shorter ? Participants are asked to treat others' views with respect, and not to make inflammatory or derogatory statements. Record The proceedings will be recorded, and a summary record will be circulated during March. CONFERENCE PROGRAMME Conference of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights 21st - 22nd February 2002 The Royal Society, London "How Intellectual Property Rights Could Work Better For Developing Countries And Poor People" The Conference is designed to discuss how intellectual property rights could work better to promote development in developing countries and reduce poverty. It is the final part of the Commission's consultative phase. That phase has included visits to developing countries, workshops of experts and stakeholders, on-line discussions and other interactions with those interested in how intellectual property rights could work better for poor people. Following the Conference the Commission will set about drafting its report which is due to be delivered to the Secretary of State for International Development by the end of June. While the Commission has clearly developed a number of views on what is important, it has not yet gone through the process of deliberation and analysis which will lead to its detailed recommendations. The Commission wishes to use the opportunity of the Conference to check that it has identified all the important issues it needs to deal with. It particularly wants to hear the views of participants on these issues and to stimulate constructive and lively debate. DAY 1. 21st FEBRUARY 09.00 SESSION 1: INTRODUCTION Chair: John Barton 09.00 Introduction by Professor John Barton, Chairman of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights 09.05 Opening Address: The Hon. Mr Justice Laddie 09.20 Keynote Address by Rt Hon Clare Short MP, UK Secretary of State for International Development. 10.15 Background on the Commission and Conference (John Barton and Commissioners) 10.30 Refreshments 11.00 SESSION 2: AGRICULTURE / GENETIC RESOURCES Chair: Sandy Thomas Presenters: Kerry ten Kate, Policy Adviser, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Kent Nnadozie, Secretary, Environmental Law Foundation of Nigeria Greg Sage, FIS/ASSINSEL What impact will IP have in terms of food security for the poor. For example what effect will IPRs in developed or developing countries have on the availability and cost of seeds and other plant related technology in developing countries and how do IPRs influence research into new technologies of benefit to the poor? What is the relationship between TRIPS, CBD and the ITPGR? 12.30 Lunch 14.00 SESSION 3: TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND FOLKLORE Chairman: Carlos Correa Presenters: Richard Owens, British Music Rights Dr Pushpangadan, National Botanical Research Institute, India Kamal Puri, Professor of Law, University of Queensland The purpose of this session is to consider the issues arising which bear on the relationship between "modern" IP systems and forms of knowledge, resources and creativity which reside with people and communities in developing countries. It also covers issues related to access and benefit sharing. 15.15 Refreshments 15.45 Session 4: Copyright in Developing Countries Chair: John Barton Presenters: Dianne Daley, Foga, Daley and Co, Jamaica Denise Nicholson, Copyright Services Librarian, University of the Witswatersrand Paul David, Professor of Economics and Economic History, Oxford Are existing copyright rules and laws likely to be helpful to developing nation authors and artists? How could they be improved? What may be the effects on public libraries, as well as on reproduction of materials for private use? Will the Internet improve access to information in developing countries or will new copyright restrictions (e.g. database protection) and encryption mechanisms narrow access to information? Is access to educational materials likely to become easier or more difficult? 17.00 Close of Day 1 DAY 2. 22nd FEBRUARY 09.00 SESSION 5: TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Chair: Ramesh Mashelkar Presenters: Christopher May, University of the West of England Professor Keith Maskus, World Bank The purpose of this session is to understand how intellectual property rights have been used in the history of nations as they develop. What is the correct theoretical framework for assessing the impact of IPRs in developing countries? What lessons does the historical experience have to teach us about the position of developing countries today? How can they best use intellectual property rights to promote innovation, technology development and the reduction of poverty? 10.15 Refreshments 10.45 SESSION 6: MEDICINES AND VACCINES Chair: Daniel Alexander Presenters: Robert Mallett, Senior Vice President, Corporate Affairs, Pfizer Francisco Cannabrava, Brazil Mission, Geneva Sisule Fredrick Musungu, South Centre, Geneva How important are IP rules and practices for better health, particularly of poor people? In what ways are they important (or not) and why? In the light of the above, what sort of modifications of rules and practices might the Commission be recommending? 12.30 Lunch 14.00 SESSION 7: RESEARCH TOOLS, GENE PATENTING AND PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS Chair: Gill Samuels Presenters: Sir John Sulston, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Professor Joseph Straus, Max Planck Institute, Munich Roy Widdus, Global Forum for Health Research Greg Galloway, Falco-Archer, Inc What is the role of IPR in encouraging private agricultural and medical research for developing countries? What is the impact of IPR on public sector agricultural and medical research for developing countries? Is the issue of research tools important for developing countries? i.e., whether the increase in patents on platform technologies such as genes and basic scientific procedures are helping or harming agricultural and medical research for the benefit of developing countries. Public-private partnerships. 15.15 Refreshments 15.45 SESSION 8: INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, RULES AND PRACTICES AND CAPACITY BUILDING Chair: H.E. Dr Supachai Panitchpakdi, next Director General of WTO Presenters: Adrian Otten, Director, Intellectual Property Division, WTO Francis Gurry, Assistant Director General, WIPO Martin Khor, Third World Network Richard Yung, Director, European Patent Office Rashid Kaukub, South Centre What changes might one consider in the governance and operations of important institutions like WTO and WIPO to reflect better the interests of developing countries. How does one build IP capacity in developing countries? How should we view the evolution of international rules and practices to take account of the interests of developing countries? 17.30 Address by H.E. Dr Supachai Panitchpakdi: "Intellectual Property Rights…Implications for Developing Countries" 18.00 Closing Remarks CONFERENCE BIOGRAPHIES Commission on Intellectual Property Rights - Commissioners Professor John Barton (Chair of the Commission) John Barton is the George E. Osborne Professor at Law, Stanford University, California, USA, where he has been since 1969. He was admitted to District of Columbia Bar in 1969 and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in 1999. He has studied and consulted on international patent law for over twenty years, working with organisations like the Rockefeller Foundation, the World Bank, the international agricultural research community, and the trade and public goods working groups of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. His teaching, research and consultation work, have given him the technical background in patent law and its reform, in its role in international trade, in the balancing of intellectual property law and antitrust law, in genomics, and in genetic resources. He has chaired or been a member of a number of national and international committee in areas relevant to IPR. These include the National Genetic Resources Advisory Council (Chair); the FAO Panel on Animal Biodiversity Conservation (Chair); the National Academy Panel on Genetic Diversity; the National Institutes of Health Working Group on Research Tools; the National Academies Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy and the National Research Council Committee on Intellectual Property Rights. Daniel Alexander Daniel Alexander is a British Intellectual Property Barrister. He took a first degree in physics and philosophy at Oxford, winning the Wilde Prize in philosophy, followed by a LLM at Harvard Law School, as a Kennedy Scholar and Harlech Award holder. He qualified at the English and New York bars in 1988 and, since 1989, he has practised as a barrister in London, specialising in intellectual property law. He has appeared in many leading cases with both technical and artistic subject matter. In 1997 he was appointed Junior Counsel to the Crown in patent cases (advising and representing the UK government in intellectual property cases). In his practice, he works for a wide range of clients including companies, government departments, individuals and NGOs. His work covers all areas of intellectual property, including international aspects. As Junior Counsel to the Crown, he acts, inter alia, as advocate for the UK at the European Court of Justice in intellectual property cases. He has authored and contributed to several legal textbooks and guides on intellectual property and has lectured in the UK and abroad on intellectual property, competition and environment law. He is a trustee of the National Endowment for Science Technology and Arts (NESTA), a member of the Oxfam Association and of the Policy Committee of the Bar Council. Professor Carlos Correa Carlos Correa is Professor of Economics, Director of the Masters Programme on Science and Technology Policy and Management, and Director of the Post-graduate Course on Intellectual Property at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. He has been a Visiting Professor at universities in Spain, USA, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Argentina. He has pursued a varied career in government, academia and consultancy. From 1984-89, he was Under- secretary of State for Informatics and Development in the Argentine national government, and co-ordinator of the Inter-ministerial Group on Intellectual Property, and from 1988-91 he was government delegate in international negotiations on intellectual property (the TRIPS Agreement). He was Director of the UNDP/UNIDO Regional Programme on Informatics and Microelectronics for Latin America and the Caribbean from 1990-95, and has also been a consultant to UNCTAD, UNIDO, WHO, FAO, IADB, INTAL, World Bank, SELA, ECLA, UNDP and other regional and international organisations in the field of science and technology and intellectual property. He has advised the governments of Canada, Spain, Ecuador, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Uruguay, Jordan, South Africa, and Indonesia on these issues and has been a consultant to the Rockefeller Foundation and DFID. In 1999 he was a finalist of The Economist "World Technology Award for Policy Competition", for the contributions to IP and biotechnology in developing countries. He is the author of many books and articles on fields within IP: public health and compulsory licenses; PVP and Farmers' Rights; competition law and international trade; and the WTO and developing countries. Dr Ramesh Mashelkar Ramesh Mashelkar is Director General of the Indian Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. After graduating and doing his doctorate in Mumbai, he undertook pioneering research in polymer science and engineering, publishing over 200 research papers and was only the third Indian engineer to have been elected as a Fellow of Royal Society (FRS) this century. In 1989 he became the Director of National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) in Pune. In 1995 he became Director General of CSIR, the largest chain of publicly funded industrial research and development institutions in the world, with 40 laboratories and 23,000 employees. He has helped transform CSIR into a user focused, performance driven and accountable organisation, capable of standing up to the challenges of liberalisation and globalisation. He has been elected to numerous academies, scientific bodies and honorary fellowships around the world, and has served on Indian government Committees and Commissions. He has received many awards and honours, including the prestigious Padmabhushan, for his contribution to nation building. He has extensive experience of traditional knowledge protection, national level IPR policy formulation, and international issues. He spearheaded the Indian challenge to the US patents relating to turmeric and basmati rice, and advises the Indian government and WIPO on traditional knowledge classification systems. Dr Gill Samuels Gill Samuels is Senior Director of Science Policy & Scientific Affairs (Europe) for Pfizer's Sandwich Laboratories. After qualifying as a physiologist at Sheffield, Dr Samuels gained her Ph.D. in neuropharmacology at Birmingham University. She subsequently worked for Shell, and then for six years at ICI Pharmaceuticals (now Zeneca). She joined Pfizer Central Research in 1978 and latterly became Director of Cardiovascular Biology. During that period groups in her department contributed to the discovery of candoxatril and sampatrilat (hypertension and congestive heart failure), and eletriptan (migraine), which reached advanced clinical trial; and sildenafil (Viagra™) (male erectile dysfunction). In 1994 she became Director of Science Policy and then Senior Director of Science Policy and Scientific Affairs, Europe. As Director of Science Policy, she worked on the funding, structure and direction of the UK Science Base, the European Biotechnology Patent Directive, women's careers in science, science and society, the use of animals in medical research, and in 1998, in particular, the story behind Viagra. More recently she has worked with WHO on healthcare issues in Less Developed Countries (LDC). She is, or has been, an active member of several trade body, academic, government and NGO committees/advisory groups/working parties/commissions. These include the MRC, ABPI, CIA, BioAlliance, the Healthcare Foresight Panel and the Human Genetics Commission. Dr Sandy Thomas Sandy Thomas is Director of Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Following undergraduate studies at Westfield College, University of London, she obtained an MSc in Crop Protection from Brunel University. Her doctoral research in plant genetics was as a Shell Research Fellow at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. She lectured for several years in genetics and plant sciences at Goldsmiths' College, University of London before moving to the Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU) at the University of Sussex where she remains a Senior Research Fellow. She became Director of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics in 1997. Over the past decade, she has published widely on the development of public policy for biotechnology, particularly in the area of intellectual property rights and the development and application of genomics. Her research work at Sussex has covered a variety of topics including ownership of the human genome; intellectual property rights in biotechnology; the research agenda for agricultural biotechnology and the industrial exploitation of genomes. During her time at Nuffield, its working parties and workshops/roundtables have covered genetics and mental disorders; clinical research in developing countries; genetically modified crops: ethical and social issues and the ethics of patenting in genomics and proteomics. She is a member of the Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities (Sections: External Relations and Agriculture and Rural Development and the Environment) and the UK's Intellectual Property Advisory Committee. DAY 1. 21st FEBRUARY SESSION 1: INTRODUCTION The Hon. Mr Justice Laddie Sir Hugh Laddie has been a Judge of the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, since 1995, the year in which he was knighted. He is one of the UK's leading Intellectual Property Judges. He has previously held the posts of Chairman of the Patent Bar Association, Deputy Chairman of the Copyright Tribunal, and was a member of the Chancery Bar Association Committee. He was also Junior Counsel to HM Treasury in Patent Matters, and Junior Bar Representative and Secretary to the Patents Procedure Committee. He was educated at St Catharine's College, Cambridge, was called to the Bar, Middle Temple, in 1969, receiving the Blackstone Pupillage Award, and was made a QC in 1986. He has co-authored Patent Law of Europe and the United Kingdom and The Modern Law of Copyright, and he has been Editor of In Context, Supreme Court Practice, the Annual of Industrial Property Law, and UK Correspondent of the European Law Review. Rt. Hon. Clare Short MP Clare Short is UK Secretary of State for International Development. A former Civil Servant at the Home Office, she has been the Member of Parliament for Birmingham Ladywood since 1983. From 1993 until the 1997 General Election she was successively Shadow Minister for women, Shadow Secretary of State for Transport, and Opposition spokesperson on overseas development. She has also been Opposition spokesperson on environment protection, social security and employment. She was previously a member of the Home Affairs Select Committee; Chair of the All-Party Group on Race Relations; a member of the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the Labour Party since 1988; Chair of the NEC Women's Committee from 1993 to 1996; and Chair of the NEC International Committee since 1996. She has also been Chair of the Human Rights Committee of the Socialist International since 1996. She was educated at the Universities of Keele and Leeds. SESSION 2: AGRICULTURE / GENETIC RESOURCES Kerry ten Kate Kerry ten Kate is Policy Adviser to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. She advises UK and other governments, UN and Kew staff, and conducts research, on biodiversity policy and strategy. She was head of Kew's CBD Unit, responsible for implementation of the CBD, material transfer agreements and codes of conduct for collectors. She is a member of the UK delegation in negotiations of the CBD and the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. She has advised governments on strategic planning, and conducted pilot projects, on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing, and was nominated as UK expert for CBD Expert Panel on this subject. She trained as a barrister, but for the last ten years she has worked in environmental policy. She served for two years on the Secretariat of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio 'Earth Summit') and co-founded and directed Environmental Strategies, a consultancy in sustainable development. Kent Nnadozie Kent Nnadozie is a lawyer engaged in environmental law practice and policy consultancy, focusing on climate change, biodiversity and intellectual property rights. He is the executive Secretary of the Environmental Law Foundation of Nigeria, which promotes research and provision of education expertise in local and international environmental law. He is also the co-ordinator of the Network of African Environmental Lawyers and the Network for Environment and Sustainable Development in Africa, and a member of the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Commission on Environmental Law. He is a regular member of the Nigerian delegation to the Convention on Biological Diversity and Global Biodiversity Forum, and has been involved in other multilateral environmental agreements. He is currently involved in establishing an Intellectual Property Commission of Nigeria, and assisting other African states establish legal frameworks for biodiversity. He is also a Partner in the law firm of Chief G. O. Sodipo & Co, Lagos, Nigeria. Greg Sage Greg Sage spent his entire career, as a wheat and barley breeder, at what was, in 1962 when he started work after reading genetics at university, the Plant Breeding Institute in Cambridge. For twenty-five years he worked as a government scientist developing new varieties of wheat and barley. In 1987 the Government sold the Institute to the multinational food company Unilever who sold the operation on to Monsanto a little over a year before Greg retired. His career has spanned the changes in farming and agricultural research brought about by the increased application of mechanisation and computing, a greater understanding of genetics at the molecular level and the privatisation of crop breeding. For the last ten years much of his time has been spent on work for the UK breeding industry's trade association The British Society of Plant Breeders. He is currently vice-chair of the Sustainable Agriculture Committee of ASSINSEL, the worldwide body representing plant- breeding organisations. SESSION 3: TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND FOLKLORE Dr P. Pushpangadan Dr P. Pushpangadan is Director of the Indian National Botanical Research Institute, a constituent laboratory of India's Council for scientific and indutrial research. He was previously Director, Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute and Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology. He has extensive multidisciplinary research experience, has published over 230 papers and several books, and has about 35 patents. His ethnopharmacological research integrates traditional systems of medicine and modern scientific knowledge, and his team have successfully isolated biodynamic compounds and developed scientifically validated herbal drugs. He developed the first community benefit-sharing model that implemented the Article 8(j) of the Convention on Biodiversity. He has served as an international consultant and received many national and international medals/awards including the prestigious Borlaug Award in 1998. He is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences (FNASc) and is the President of National Society of Ethnopharmacology and the International Society of Environmental Botanists, and previously the International Society of Ethnopharmacology. Professor Kamal Puri Kamal Puri is Professor of Law at the University of Queensland, Australia. He is also President of the Australian Folklore Association, and a New Zealand qualified Barrister and Solicitor. He undertakes research and teaching in two fields - intellectual property and contract law. He has published internationally and is involved in research projects that cover protection of traditional knowledge and cultural ownership rights of indigenous peoples, particularly in Australia, and recommend specific legislative changes. At the request of UNESCO and other regional organizations in the Pacific, he has drafted a sui generis model law for the protection of traditional knowledge and cultural expressions of Pacific peoples. He has campaigned for continuing education of personnel in intellectual property law and practice, particularly in government departments and private industry, and is frequently invited to conduct seminars/training workshops and deliver keynote addresses at international conferences. Richard Owens Richard Owens is the International IPR Adviser for British Music Rights (BMR) in London, the consensus voice of UK composers, songwriters and music publishers. He advises and participates in BMR's lobbying, public affairs and educational activities. He is also active in RightsWatch, an EC-funded project to explore the possibilities for development of a self-regulatory procedure for notice-and-takedown in Europe. He was the founding Director of the Global IP Issues Division (GIPID) at the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva. While he was Director, GIPID conducted a series of activities to examine questions such as the protection of traditional knowledge (TK), access and benefit-sharing (ABS) arrangements under CBD, and the protection of biological and genetic resources. He also advised developing countries on implementation of TRIPS obligations relating to copyright. He was previously Director of Legal and Regulatory Affairs at the London IP consultancy Rightscom Ltd. SESSION 4: COPYRIGHT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Dianne Daley Dianne Daley is a Partner of Foga, Daley & Co. Attorneys-at-Law in Kingston, Jamaica. From 1995-2000 she served as Legal Director and Head of the Jamaican Government's Copyright Unit and was the Government Delegate to various international and regional meetings on intellectual property rights. She has since been Special Advisor to the Jamaican Government on Intellectual Property and coordinated the establishment of the Jamaican Intellectual Property Office. She is guest lecturer on IP issues to the University of the West Indies, and has also been a lecturer at a number of national and international conferences on intellectual property rights. She is Board Member of the Copyright Tribunal, the Jamaican Copyright Licensing Agency and the Entertainment Board of the Jamaican Ministry of Tourism and Sports. She has an LLB (West Indies), a CLE (Norman Manley), and a LLM (McGill). Denise Nicholson Denise Nicholson is Copyright Services Librarian at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, responsible for the Copyright Services Office, the Central Copyright Fund, copyright clearances and provides a copyright advisory service. She initiated Copyquest Listserv in South Africa and created a copyright e-distribution list to increase copyright awareness. She was Convenor of two Copyright Task Teams which successfully challenged the SA government's proposed amendments to the Copyright Act, and is now on the SAUVCA IP Committee negotiating amendments to the Copyright Act and Regulations. She is a member of the IFLA Committee on Copyright, Library Association of South Africa (LIASA), LIASA FAIFE Copyright Committee, Special Libraries Interest Group (SLIS), Intellectual Property Sub-Committee of the University Research Committee (University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa). In 2001 she was awarded the LIASA Academic Librarian of the Year Award for 2001. Professor Paul David Paul David is Senior Research Fellow of All Souls College, and Professor of Economics and Economic History in the University of Oxford, and Professor of Economics and Senior Fellow of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research at Stanford University. He is internationally known for his contributions in American economic history, economic and historical demography, and the economics of science and technology. He pioneered the "new economic history", and his current focus is on contemporary public policy issues. He has published more than 120 articles, chapters and books, is a founding editor of the international journal Economics of Innovation and New Technology, and serves on editorial boards of other periodicals. He is a Fellow of the International Econometrics Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the British Academy. His consultancies include: government agencies, UNCTAD, World Bank, OECD, and the Economic Commission of the EU. DAY 2. 22nd FEBRUARY SESSION 5: TECHNOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Professor Keith Maskus Keith Maskus is Professor of Economics at the University of Colorado, Boulder, USA and a Lead Economist in the Development Research Group at the World Bank. He is also a Research Fellow at the Institute for International Economics. He has been a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, a visiting senior economist at the US Department of State, a visiting professor at the University of Adelaide, and serves also as a consultant for WIPO and UNCTAD. He was associate editor of Review of International Economics and is now the editor of The World Economy: the Americas. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Michigan in 1981. He has written extensively about various aspects of international trade, including empirical testing of trade models, determinants of FDI, and the political economy of trade. His current research focuses on the international economic aspects of protecting intellectual property rights. Dr Christopher May Christopher May is Senior Lecturer in International Political Economy at the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences at the University of the West of England. His research interests cover intellectual property rights, the global information society and the information economy, knowledge workers, and issues surrounding states and international law. He has published books and articles on the global political economy of IPRs and the information society. SESSION 6: MEDICINES AND VACCINES Robert Mallett Robert Mallett is Senior Vice President for Corporate Affairs of Pfizer. He is Visiting Professor of Practice at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and served the Clinton Administration as deputy secretary of Commerce from 1997 until early 2001. Prior to joining the Administration he was a shareholder with the law firm of Verner, Liipfert, Berhnhard, McPherson and Hand in Washington. From 1991 to 1995, he was City Administrator and Deputy Mayor of Operations for the District of Columbia in the administration of former Mayor Sharon Pratt Kelly. He received his undergraduate degree from Morehouse College, and a law degree from Harvard University. Francisco Cannabrava Francisco Cannabrava has been a diplomat at the Permanent Mission of Brazil to the United Nations and the World Trade Organization in Geneva since 1999, covering issues related to intellectual property. He is a delegate of Brazil to the Council for TRIPs at the World Trade Organization and to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) bodies. Previously, he was posted at the Trade Policy Division of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Brazil, in Brasilia, covering issues related to Trade and Environment, Trade and Labour, Technical Barriers to Trade and trade relations with the European Union. He has also participated as a delegate of Brazil to negotiations on the FTAA and Mercosur, and with the European Commission. Sisule Fredrick Musungu Sisule Fredrick Musungu is a consultant on TRIPS at the South Centre, Geneva. He is an advocate of the High Court of Kenya and a member of the Law Society of Kenya, and is a former associate of Hamilton Harrison and Mathews, Nairobi. He has been a member of the Kenya Coalition for Access to Essential Medicines since its formation in 1999. He holds an LLB degree from the University of Nairobi, a postgraduate Diploma in Law from the Kenya School of Law and an LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) from the University of Pretoria, South Africa. He has previously worked as a resource person for the Kenya national task force on the Legal Aspects Relating to HIV/AIDS and was a member of the government's ministerial task force on improving access to essential medicines in Kenya. SESSION 7: RESEARCH TOOLS, GENE PATENTING AND PUBLIC- PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS Sir John Sulston John Sulston is a member of the UK Human Genetics Commission. He was previously the Director of the Sanger Centre, which was set up in 1992 by the Wellcome Trust to sequence the human genome, and undertake genomic studies in a variety of model organisms and parasites. He worked with Colin Reese in Cambridge, Leslie Orgel at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and Sydney Brenner at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, which collaboratively produced the first complete animal gene map and gene sequence. In 1986 John was elected to the Royal Society, and in 1989 to EMBO. He has received the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society, the W. Alden Spencer prize, the Gairdner award, and the Rosenstiel award. In 2000 he became an honorary fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge and received an honorary ScD from Trinity College, Dublin, the Pfizer Prize for Innovative Science and the Sir Frederich Gowland Hopkins Medal. Professor Joseph Straus Joseph Straus is Professor of Law (Universities of Munich and Ljubljana) and Director at the Max-Planck-Institute for Foreign and International Patent, Copyright and Competition Law in Munich. He has been visiting Professor of Law, Cornell Law School, Ithaca, N.Y. (between 1989 and 1998); Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law, George Washington University School of Law (Spring 2001). He has authored numerous publications in the field of intellectual property law, especially in the field of the protection of biotechnological inventions. Consultancies include: OECD, WIPO, UNCTAD, UNIDO, EC-Commission, World Bank, Scientific Services of the German Bundestag and the German Government, as well as the European Parliament and the European Patent Organisation. He is active in many international associations such as Chair of the Intellectual Property Rights Committee of the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO), and Chair of the Programme Committee, International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (AIPPI). Dr Roy Widdus Roy Widdus is Project Manager of the Initiative on Public-Private Partnership for Health at the Global Forum for Health Research, an independent, international foundation in Geneva. The Initiative monitors and fosters partnerships for development and distribution of drugs and vaccines to address neglected global health problems. From 1995-2000 he was Co- ordinator of the Secretariat to the Children's Vaccine Initiative, which provided an international forum to discuss and initiate new activities on vaccines and immunization. He has experience in academia, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, and health policy development. He has been Interim Director of the US National Vaccine Program Office, in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health; Executive Director of the US National Commission on AIDS; with the Global Programme on AIDS, and the WHO Tuberculosis Programme; and Director of the Division of International Health, US Institute of Medicine/National Academy of Sciences. Greg Galloway, Falco-Archer, Inc Greg Galloway is founder and President of Falco-Archer, Inc. a consultancy specializing in working with companies and private research institutions to identify, manage, and extract value from intellectual properties. Clients include Philips, Johnson Wax, Nissho Iwai, Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Ernex Marketing Technologies Inc., Luso-American Foundation, and a number of law firms and venture capitalists. He is a frequent lecturer on intellectual property management. From 1990 to 1992 he was Business Manager of Licensing and Finance for the Washington Research Foundation (WRF) in Seattle, at that time the main technology transfer office for the University of Washington. Prior to 1990 he held various management positions in the manufacturing and chemical industries. He is a summa cum laude alumnus of the University of Colorado (Biology). SESSION 8: INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, RULES AND PRACTICES AND CAPACITY BUILDING H.E. Dr Supachai Panitchpakdi Later this year Dr. Supachai will assume the role of Director-General of the World Trade Organization (WTO). He was previously the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Commerce for Thailand. Prior to these appointments, he formerly held various positions in the private sector such as the President of the Thai Military Bank, Chairman of Nava Finance and Securities, and Chairman of the Commercial Union. He received his Master's Degree and Ph.D. in Econometrics and Development Planning from Erasmus University in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. In 1973, he was a Visiting Fellow to the Department of Econometrics at Cambridge University. Adrian Otten Adrian Otten is Director of the Intellectual Property Division of the Secretariat of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the responsibilities of which include intellectual property, competition policy and government procurement. After posts with the Commonwealth Secretariat in London, working on international trade questions, and with the Swaziland Government in Brussels, assisting them in their negotiations with the EEC in the context of the first Lomé Convention, he joined the GATT Secretariat in 1975. He held a variety of posts within the GATT Secretariat. Between 1986 and 1993, he was Secretary of the Uruguay Round Negotiating Group on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. He is a graduate of the University of Cambridge, England. Dr Francis Gurry Francis Gurry Assistant Director General and Legal Counsel of WIPO in Geneva, where he is responsible for WIPO's activities in the field of electronic commerce and the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center, as well as for international legal and constitutional questions and the Organization's relations with industry. He holds law degrees from the University of Melbourne and a PhD from the University of Cambridge UK. He is a Vice President of the International Federation of Commercial Arbitration Institutions (IFCAI). Before joining WIPO in 1985, he practiced as an attorney in Melbourne and Sydney and taught law at the University of Melbourne. He is the author of a textbook on the law of trade secrets and confidential information, Breach of Confidence, and co-author, with Frederick Abbott and Thomas Cottier, of The International Intellectual Property System: Commentary and Materials. Martin Khor Martin Khor is Director of the Third World Network (TWN), a network of several NGOs in different parts of the developing world. He is an economist trained in Cambridge University who has lectured in economics in the Science University of Malaysia. He is the author of several books and articles on trade, development and environment issues. He is a board member of the South Centre and of the International Forum on Globalisation. He was also formerly Vice Chairman of the UN Commission on Human Rights Expert Group on the Right to Development, and a consultant in several research studies under the United Nations. Dr Richard Yung Richard Yung is Director of Technical Cooperation at the European Patent Office. He has previously held the posts of Secretary General of Institut National de la Propriete Industrielle (the French Patent Office) and was a Director in the World Intellectual Property Organisation. His other professional experience has been with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and in private business in the banking and IT sectors. He was educated at the University of Paris and the Institut des Sciences Politiques, and has a Ph.D in international economics Rashid Kaukab Rashid Kaukab has worked for the Geneva-based South Centre, an intergovernmental organization of developing countries, since March 1998. He is working as Senior Consultant and Head of the South Centre Work Programme on the WTO. This is aimed at assisting developing countries in the negotiations on some of the issues on the WTO agenda including those related to trade in agriculture, trade in services, dispute settlement, institutional reform, TRIPs and special and differential treatment for developing countries. As a Pakistani delegate to the WTO from the middle of 1995 until early 1998, he was actively involved in the negotiations on implementation and other issues under the WTO. He was also a member of Pakistani delegation to the First WTO Ministerial Conference, held in Singapore in December 1996. He has degrees in Economics (Karachi University) and Business Administration (Yale University).